A Geometric Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Grey Wolf and Teaching–Learning-Based Algorithms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.5230Keywords:
PMSM, Geometric Optimization, Finite element method, GWO, TLBOAbstract
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) are widely recognized for their high efficiency, low acoustic noise, and extended operational lifetime. This study presents an optimization framework based on two metaheuristic algorithms, namely Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), to determine the optimal geometric parameters of the machine. The proposed methodology combines finite element analysis with numerical optimization by coupling COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB in order to model and evaluate the machine performance. The effectiveness of the developed approach is assessed through comparisons with recently published reference studies. The obtained results demonstrate good accuracy and confirm the reliability, robustness, and efficiency of the proposed optimization strategy.
References
[1] R. V. Rao, V. J. Savsani and D. P. Vakharia, "Teaching-learningbased optimization: An optimization method for continuous nonlinear large scale problems", Inf. Sci., vol. 183, no. 1, pp. 1-15, Jan. 2012.
[2] A. Tenconi, S. Vaschetto, and A. Vigliani, “Electrical machines for high speed applications: Design considerations and tradeoffs,” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 3022–3029, June 2014.
[3] T. Noguchi, Y. Takata, Y. Yamashita, Y. Komatsu, and S. Ibaraki, “220,000-r/min 2-kW PM motor drive for turbocharger,” IndustrialApplications, IEEJ Transactions on, vol. 125, no. 9, pp. 854–861, Sept2005.
[4] K.-J. Shih, M.-F. Hsieh, B.-J. Chen, and S.-F. Huang, “Machine learning for inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis in permanent magnet synchronous motors,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 58, no. 8, Aug. 2022, Art. no. 8204307.
[5] A. EL-Refaie, “Fractional-slot concentrated-windings synchronous permanent magnet machines: Opportunities and challenges,” IndustrialElectronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 107–121, Jan2010.
[6] S. G. Min and B. Sarlioglu, “3-D performance analysis and multiobjective optimization of coreless-type PM linear synchronous motors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 1855–1864, Feb. 2018.
[7] Y. Duan, R. Harley, and T. Habetler, “Method for multi-objectiveoptimized designs of surface mount permanent magnet motors with concentrated or distributed stator windings,” in Electric Machines and Drives Conference. IEMDC. IEEE International, 2009, pp. 323–328.
[8] X. Zhu, L. Zhang, X. Xiao, C. H. T. Lee, and H. Que, “Adjustable-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless drive system based on parameter-sensitive adaptive online decoupling control strategy,” IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 501–511, Mar. 2023.
[9] L. Parsa, H. A. Toliyat, and A. Goodarzi, “Five-phase interior permanentmagnet motors with low torque pulsation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 43,no. 1, pp. 40–46, Jan./Feb. 2007.
[10] A. Cavagnino, Z. Li, A. Tenconi, and S. Vaschetto, “Integrated generator for more electric engine: Design and testing of a scaled-sizeprototype,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 2034–2043, Sep./Oct. 2013.
[11] W. Zhao, A. Ma, J. Ji, X. Chen, and T. Yao, “Multiobjective optimization of a double-side linear Vernier PM motor using response surface method and differential evolution,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 80–90, Jan. 2020.
[12] X. Huang, A. Googman, C. Gerada, Y. Fang, and Q. Lu, “Design of afive-phase brushless DC motor for a safety critical aerospace application,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3532–3541, Sep. 2012.
[13] N. Uzhegov, J. Pyrhonen, and S. Shirinskii, “Loss minimization in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines with tooth-coil windings,” in Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th AnnualConference of the IEEE, Nov 2013, pp. 29602965.
[14] A. Borisavljevic, H. Polinder, and J. Ferreira, “On the speed limitsof permanent-magnet machines,” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 220–227, Jan 2010.
[15] F.Boukhenoufaa, N. Ikhlefa, L. Aomara and T. Haciba,” Magneto-thermal and aerodynamic study of a toroidal transformer dimensioning”, International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 76 (2024) 15–33 DOI 10.3233/JAE-230243.
[16] Pradhan, M., Roy, P. K., Pal, T. “Grey Wolf Optimization Applied to Economic Load Dispatch Problems. Electrical Power and Energy Systems”, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 83, pp 325-334, 2016.
[17] S. G. Min, "Investigation of key parameters on cogging torque in permanent magnet machines based on dominant harmonic contents", IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., Mar. 2023.
[18] L. Li, W. Fu and S. Niu, "Novel steel-bar starting cage line-start permanent magnet machine with spoke-type insulation layers", IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 58, no. 8, Aug. 2022.
[19] S. G. Min and B. Sarlioglu, "Fast and systematic design optimization of surface-mounted PM machines using advanced analytical models and subharmonic elimination methods", IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 55, no. 1, Jan. 2019.
[20] Gao, Z. M., Zhao, J., “An Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm with Variable Weights”, Hindawi Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2019.
[21] Kwang Y. Lee & Mohamed El-Sharkawi, “Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques: Theory and Applications in Power System”, Books in the IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering, Copyright © 2008 b the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, ISBN 978-0471-45711-4, USA, 2008.
[22]F. Boukhenoufa, “Contribution au dimensionnement optimal de dispositifs électrotechniques basé sur les algorithmes d’optimisation globale,” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng, University of 20 August 1955-Skikda 21000, Algeria , 2025.
[23] N. Mezhoud, S. Leulmi & A. Boukadoum, “Optimal Power Flow in HVDC Modelling Using Particle Swarm Optimization”, Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del Zulia, Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia, Vol. 37, N° 2, pp. 37-47, ISSN : 0254-0770, August 2014.
[24] Laetitia Jourdan, “Méta-heuristiques pour l’Extraction de Connaissances : Application `a la Génomique”, Ph.D en Informatique, Laboratoire de l’Informatique Fondamentale de Lille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Novembre 2003, France.
[25] Amir Nakib, “Conception de Méta-heuristiques d’Optimisation pour la segmentation d’Images: Application à des Images Biomédicales”, Ph.D These en Sciences et Technologie (Sciences de l’Ingénieur : Traitement d’Images & Optimisation), UFR de Sciences & Technologie, Université Paris 12-Val de Marne, France, Décembre 2007.
[26] SHANGGUAN X F, WANG Q,SUN Z Y, “Weak Magnetic Properties Optimized for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,” Small & Special Electrical Machines. vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 14-16, 2017.
[27] Pradhan, M., Roy, P. K., Pal, T. “Grey Wolf Optimization Applied to Economic Load Dispatch Problems. Electrical Power and Energy Systems”, Elsevier Ltd, vol. 83, pp 325-334, 2016.
[28] Sulaiman, M. H., Mustaffa, Z., Mohamed, M. R., Aliman, O., “Using the Gray Wolf Optimizer For Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problem”, Applied Soft Computing, Elsevier B.V, vol. 32, pp. 286-292, 2015.
[29] Kadali, K. S., Lanathan, R., Veerasamy, M., Jawalker, V., “Environmentally Sustainable Economic Dispatch using Grey Wolves Optimization”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 2068-2079, 2018.
[30] Sharma, S. Mehta, S., Chopra, N., “Economic Load Dispatch using Grey Wolf Optimization”, J. of Eng. Res. and Appl., vol. 5, no. 4, 2015.
[31] Gao, Z. M., Zhao, J., “An Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm with Variable Weights”, Hindawi Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2019.
[32] P.Molfino, M, Repetto, “Fully coupled quasi-axisymmetric magnetothermal model for Skin analysis in resistive tokamaks coils”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetcs, Vol.25, No.5, Septembre 1989.
[33] F. Groh, D. Beck, W. Hafla, A. Buchau and W. M. Rucker, “Calculating Exciting Fields Using the Fast Multipole Method and an Integral Transformation to the Coil Surface”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, n° 5, May 2005, p. 1384-1387.
[34] R. M. Elavarasan, G. M. Shafiullah, S. Padmanaban,N. M. Kumar, L. Mihet-Popa, and J. B. Holm-Nielsen, ‘‘A comprehensive review on renewable energy development, challenges, and policies of leading Indian States with an international perspective,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 74432–74457, 2020.
[35] K.Parkh, V.Agarwal," Design of SSSC based damping controller using TLBO algorithm ", ICTACT Journal on microelectronics, july 2020, volume: 06, issue: 02, DOI:10.21917/ijme.2020.0162
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
