Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of Major Non-Health Policies: Integrating Health Considerations into Saudi National Development

Abstract

The systematic integration of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) into the development and evaluation of major non-health policies is a critical strategic imperative for Saudi Arabia to fully realize the goals of its Vision 2030 transformation. As the Kingdom pursues ambitious projects and reforms in urban planning, energy, transportation, and fiscal policy, these decisions will fundamentally shape the social, environmental, and economic determinants of population health. HIA provides a structured, evidence-based framework to proactively identify and mitigate potential health risks—such as increased air pollution or unequal access to services—while maximizing opportunities for health promotion, like designing walkable communities or ensuring affordable nutritious food. Institutionalizing HIA as a mandatory component of policy appraisal aligns directly with the Vision’s "Vibrant Society" pillar, moving beyond a reactive healthcare model to actively create health-promoting environments across all sectors. This proactive approach safeguards public well-being, enhances the sustainability and social license of mega-projects, prevents future healthcare burdens, and ensures that the nation’s economic diversification directly contributes to the long-term health and productivity of its human capital, thereby securing a more resilient and equitable future.