Preventing Missed Basic and Supportive Care in Emergency Departments: Joint Roles of Nurses, Emergency Medical Technicians, and Health Care Assistants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.4765Keywords:
Missed nursing care, basic supportive care, emergency department, overcrowding, interprofessional collaboration, registered nurseAbstract
Preventing missed basic and supportive care (MBSC) in the overcrowded, high-pressure environment of the emergency department requires a fundamental shift from siloed practice to a model of deliberate, interprofessional collaboration. This approach strategically leverages the unique and complementary skills of the core frontline triad: the Registered Nurse (RN) as the holistic assessor, care coordinator, and patient advocate; the Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) as the technical expert managing procedures, monitoring, and logistics; and the Health Care Assistant (HCA) as the guardian of fundamental care and continuous presence, ensuring dignity, comfort, and hygiene. Effective prevention is achieved by moving beyond role ambiguity to establish clear, shared accountability through structured frameworks like TeamSTEPPS for communication, standardized care bundles for common needs, and interprofessional rounding. Sustainable implementation demands committed leadership to foster a culture that values this care as a critical safety indicator, alongside targeted interprofessional education, technological enablers, and rigorous measurement of MBSC itself. Ultimately, integrating the joint capabilities of RNs, EMTs, and HCAs builds a resilient defense against the omission of essential care, safeguarding patient outcomes, preserving dignity, and upholding the humane core of emergency medicine amidst chaos.
References
[1] Baghaei R, PourRashid S, Khalkhali H. The effect of using SBAR model in nursing handoff on communication dimension of nursing care from the patients’ view. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;14(6):562–70.
[2] Muntlin Å. Identifying and improving quality of care at an emergency department: patient and healthcare professional perspectives. PhD Thesis, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis; 2009.
[3] Esmailian M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Brahimi AS. The quality of patients’ files documentation in emergency department; a cross sectional study. Iran J Emerg Med. 2014;1(1):16–21.
[4] Ziasheikholeslami N, Razavian F, Vafaei K, Esmkhani S. Evaluation of the level of hand hygiene in intensive care unit personnel of Kamkar education, research and treatment center of Qom in 2014, Iran. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016;10(3):64–9.
[5] Kalisch BJ, Landstrom GL, Hinshaw AS. Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(7):1509–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05027.x
[6] Kamrani F, Ghaemipour F, Nikravan M, Alavi MH. Prevalence of miss triage and outcomes under triage of patients in emergency department. J Health Promot Manag. 2013;2(3):17–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2013.11.002
[7] Lotfi M, Zamanzadeh V, Valizadeh L, Khajehgoodari M. Assessment of nurse–patient communication and patient satisfaction from nursing care. Nurs Open. 2019;6(3):1189–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.316
[8] Ball JE, Murrells T, Rafferty AM, Morrow E, Griffiths P. ’Care left undone’during nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014;23(2):116–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001767
[9] Shali M, Joolaee S, Hooshmand A, Haghani H, Masoumi H. The relationship between incidence of patient falls and nurses’ professional commitment. Journal of Hayat. 2016;22(1):27–37.
[10] Toufighi S, Maleki MR, Khoushgam M, Atar JN. Applying the proactive Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology for improving the triage process in an emergency department.. Sci J Forensic Med. 2009;15(3 (55)):161–70.
[11] Nasr M, Esfahani, Esmailian M, Nasri M. Causes of prolonged length of stay for patients referred to the emergency department; a cross-sectional study. Iran J Emerg Med. 2014;1(1):45–9.
[12] Min A, Yoon YS, Hong HC, Kim YM. Association between nurses’ breaks, missed nursing care and patient safety in Korean hospitals. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):2266–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12831
[13] Bragadóttir H, Kalisch BJ, Tryggvadóttir GB. Correlates and predictors of missed nursing care in hospitals. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(11–12):1524–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13449
[14] Chana P, Burns EM, Arora S, Darzi AW, Faiz OD. A systematic review of the impact of dedicated emergency surgical services on patient outcomes. Ann Surg. 2016;263(1):20–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001180
[15] Weigl M, Müller A, Holland S, Wedel S, Woloshynowych M. Work conditions, mental workload and patient care quality: a multisource study in the emergency department. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016;25(7):499–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003744
[16] Cho E, Lee N-J, Kim E-Y, Kim S, Lee K, Park K-O, et al. Nurse staffing level and overtime associated with patient safety, quality of care, and care left undone in hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;60:263–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.05.009
[17] Askarinejad M, Arsin N, Ghobadi AE. Examining the effect of the features of nursing information system on the satisfaction with nurses’ information system and job performance. Sadra Med J. 2020;8(4):355–66.
[18] Jones TL, Hamilton P, Murry N. Unfinished nursing care, missed care, and implicitly rationed care: state of the science review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(6):1121–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.02.012
[19] Bavatmanesh H, Zagheri Tafreshi M, Manoochehri H, Akbarzadeh BA. Patient safety observation by nurses working in the intensive care units of selected hospitals affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Iran South Med J. 2019;21(6):493–506.
[20] Kavosi A, Parvinian NA, Hessam M, Shariati AR, Jouybari L, Sanagu A. Barriers to the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation teams from the perspective of nurses. Jorjani Biomed J. 2013;1(1):16–22.
[21] Vryonides S, Papastavrou E, Charalambous A, Andreou P, Eleftheriou C, Merkouris A. Ethical climate and missed nursing care in cancer care units. Nurs Ethics. 2018;25(6):707–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733016664979
[22] Dehghan-Nayeri N, Ghaffari F, Shali M. Exploring Iranian nurses’ experiences of missed nursing care: a qualitative study: a threat to patient and nurses’ health. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29:276.
[23] Saki K, Khezri_Azar J, Mohebbi I. Nursing errors and its relationship with fatigue among nurses of the emergency ward. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;13(10):835–42.
[24] Rochefort CM, Rathwell BA, Clarke SP. Rationing of nursing care interventions and its association with nurse-reported outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Nurs. 2016;15(1):1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0169-z
[25] Mozafari M, Borji M. Evaluating the rate of nurses’ errors in administration of medication orders in general departments of hospitals in the city of Ilam. IJNR. 2017;12(5):21–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21859/ijnr-12054
[26] Jones TL, Gemeinhardt G, Thompson JA, Hamilton P. Measuring unfinished nursing care: what to consider when choosing and scoring surveys. J Nurs Care Qual. 2016;31(1):90–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000143
[27] Khorasani Zavareh D, Mohammadlou F, Bigdeli M. Exploring factors affecting quality of emergency department services delivery based on client perception: finding from a qualitative study. Nurs Midwifery J. 2015;13(1):25–36.
[28] Tanrikulu F, Sari D. Determining patients’ risk of falling in the emergency department. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(2):907–14.
[29] Smith A, Kinross J, Bailey M, Aggarwal R, Toresen D, Vincent C. Re-stocking the resuscitation trolley: how good is compliance with checking procedures? Clin Risk. 2008;14(1):4–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/cr.2007.070008
[30] Kianmehr N, Mofidi M, Hajibeigi M. Are patients concerned about medical errors in emergency department?. J Med Council I.R.I. 2010;27(4):437–42.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.