Medication Administration Practices in Hospitalized Patients: A Review of Nursing Care

Abstract

Medication administration is a critical aspect of nursing care in hospitalized patients, as it directly influences patient outcomes and safety. Effective medication management involves a series of steps, from prescribing to dispensing and ultimately administering the medication. Nurses play a pivotal role in this process, serving as the final check in the medication administration pathway. Adherence to established protocols and guidelines, such as the "five rights" of medication administration (right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time), is vital in preventing medication errors. Additionally, the integration of technologies such as barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic health records (EHRs) has enhanced accuracy and accountability in administering medications, thereby reducing the risk of adverse drug events. Challenges in medication administration practices can arise due to factors such as high workload, interruptions, and complex medication regimens, particularly in patients with multiple comorbidities. Continuous education and training for nursing staff are essential in addressing these challenges and promoting best practices. Moreover, fostering effective communication and collaboration among healthcare teams, including physicians and pharmacists, can further improve medication safety. Initiatives aimed at creating a culture of safety within healthcare institutions are crucial as they empower nursing staff to report errors and near misses without fear of reprimand. Ultimately, a commitment to evidence-based practices in medication administration not only enhances patient safety and outcomes but also supports the overarching goal of improving the quality of care within the healthcare system.