Development and Mechanical Characterization of Eco-Friendly Construction Materials Using Industrial Waste: A Sustainable Approach to Reducing Carbon Footprints in Infrastructure Projects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.2249Keywords:
Eco-Friendly Concrete, Industrial Waste, Colloidal Nanosilica, Metakaolin, Alccofine, Sustainability, Cement ReplacementAbstract
The construction industry needs sustainable concrete options to serve as regular concrete replacements because of high carbon dioxide emissions produced in construction. An study through science addresses industrial waste materials to determine their suitability as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that enhance concrete properties. Results from compressive strength testing of materials ended up combined with workability results and detailed microscopic examination of cement replacement actions through the study. Research analysts conducted physical along with chemical material evaluations through XRD for X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with FTIR for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA for thermogravimetric analysis testing procedures. The research confirmed that concrete exhibited higher strength performance by combining CNS with MK and AF. The research team created pozzolanic methods which improved microvoid strength by enhancing density while concurrently decreasing harmful portlandite crystals. Lab results show that the usage of supplemental cementitious materials improves concrete performance significantly according to ANOVA statistical tests which underwent T-test verification. Supplemental implementation methods provide both strengthened property features and increased service duration yet establish workable measures for decreasing cement production impacts on the environment. Evidence shows that CNS achieves effective reduction of infrastructure carbon emission rates together with MK and AF. A combination of CNS and MK and AF leads to concrete material with its maximum sustainable operational capabilities.
References
[1] Abdelmelek, N., & Lubloy, E. (2021). Evaluation of the mechanical properties of high-strength cement paste at elevated temperatures using metakaolin. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 145;2891-2905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09992-2
[2] Ashok, K., Kameswara Rao, B., & Sarath Chandra Kumar, B. (2021). Experimental study on metakaolin & nano alumina based concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 1091;012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1091/1/012055
[3] Bhat, A. H., & Naqash, J. A. (2022). Experimental studies of sustainable concrete modified with colloidal nanosilica and metakaolin. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation. 7;1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-021-00157-8
[4] Blotevogel, S., Ehrenberg, A., Steger, L., Doussang, L., Kaknics, J., & Patapy, C., et al. (2020). Ability of the R3 test to evaluate differences in early age reactivity of 16 industrial ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS). Cement and Concrete Research. 130;105998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.105998
[5] Hamed, N., El-Feky, M. S., Kohail, M., & Nasr, E. A. R. (2019). Effect of nano-clay de-agglomeration on mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 205;245-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.018
[6] Kavyateja, B. V., Guru Jawahar, J., & Sashidhar, C. (2019). Investigation on ternary blended self compacting concrete using fly ash and alccofine. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 7;462-466.
[7] Khan, S. U., Ayub, T., & Shafiq, N. (2020). Physical and mechanical properties of concrete with locally produced metakaolin and micro-silica as supplementary cementitious material. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering. 44;1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-020-00436-3
[8] Lima, N. B., Silva, D., Vilemen, P., Nascimento, H. C. B., Cruz, F., & Santos, T. F. A., et al. (2023). A chemical approach to the adhesion ability of cement-based mortars with metakaolin applied to solid substrates. Journal of Building Engineering. 65;105643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105643
[9] Liu, W., Li, Y. Q., Tang, L. P., & Dong, Z. J. (2019). XRD and 29Si MAS NMR study on carbonated cement paste under accelerated carbonation using different concentration of CO2. Materials Today Communications. 19;464-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.05.007
[10] Medri, V., Papa, E., Lizion, J., & Landi, E. (2020). Metakaolin-based geopolymer beads: Production methods and characterization. Journal of Cleaner Production. 244;118844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118844
[11] Rong, Z., Zhao, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Effects of modified nano-SiO2 particles on properties of high-performance cement-based composites. Materials. 13;1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030646
[12] Shaat, M., Fathy, A., & Wagih, A. (2020). Correlation between grain boundary evolution and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained metals. Mechanics of Materials. 143;103321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103321
[13] Sousa, M. I. C., & da Silva Rêgo, J. H. (2021). Effect of nanosilica/metakaolin ratio on the calcium alumina silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) formed in ternary cement pastes. Journal of Building Engineering. 38;102226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102226
[14] Wang, X. F., Huang, Y. J., Wu, G. Y., Fang, C., Li, D. W., & Han, N. X., et al. (2018). Effect of nano-SiO2 on strength, shrinkage and cracking sensitivity of lightweight aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 175;115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.113
[15] YB, R., Hossiney, N., & HT, D. (2021). Properties of high strength concrete with reduced amount of Portland cement, A case study. Cogent Engineering. 8(1);1938369. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2021.1938369
[16] Zhan, P., He, Z., Ma, Z., Liang, C., & Zhang, X. (2020). Utilization of nano-metakaolin in concrete: A review. Journal of Building Engineering. 30;101259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101259
[17] Inside Climate News. (2022, June 24). Concrete is worse for the climate than flying. Why aren't more people talking about it? https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24062022/concrete-is-worse-for-the-climate-than-flying-why-arent-more-people-talking-about-it/
[18] Koehnken, L. (2018). Impacts of sand mining on ecosystem structure, process & biodiversity in rivers (Executive Summary). World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) International. https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/sandmining_execsum__final_.pdf
[19] Rentier, E. S., & Cammeraat, L. H. (2022). The environmental impacts of river sand mining. Science of the Total Environment. 838;155877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155877
[20] Wang, B., Yan, L., Fu, Q., & Kasal, B. (2021). A comprehensive review on recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 171;105565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105565
[21] Curto, A., Lanzoni, L., Tarantino, A. M., & Viviani, M. (2020). Shot-earth for sustainable constructions. Construction and Building Materials. 239;117775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117775
[22] Franciosi, M., Savino, V., Lanzoni, L., Tarantino, A. M., & Viviani, M. (2023). Changing the approach to sustainable constructions: An adaptive mix-design calibration process for earth composite materials. Composite Structures. 319;117143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117143
[23] Pucillo, G. P., Carpinteri, A., Ronchei, C., Scorza, D., Zanichelli, A., & Vantadori, S. (2023). Experimental and numerical study on the fatigue behaviour of the shot-earth 772. International Journal of Fatigue. 177;107922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.107922
[24] Vantadori, S., Colpo, A. B., Friedrich, L. F., & Iturrioz, I. (2023). Numerical simulation of the shear strength of the shot-earth 772-granite interface. Construction and Building Materials. 363;129450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129450
[25] Cluni, F., Faralli, F., Gusella, V., & Liberotti, R. (2023). X-Rays CT and mesoscale FEM of the shot-earth material. In Springer Nature. (pp. 25-44). Springer Nature.
[26] Vantadori, S., Żak, A., Sadowski, Ł., Ronchei, C., Scorza, D., & Zanichelli, A., et al. (2022). Microstructural, chemical and physical characterisation of the Shot-Earth 772. Construction and Building Materials. 341;127766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127766
[27] Ma, Z., Shen, J., Wang, C., & Wu, H. (2022). Characterization of sustainable mortar containing high-quality recycled manufactured sand crushed from recycled coarse aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites. 132;104629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104629
[28] Nasr, M. S., Shubbar, A. A., Abed, Z. A. A. R., & Ibrahim, M. S. (2020). Properties of eco-friendly cement mortar contained recycled materials from different sources. Journal of Building Engineering. 31;101444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101444
[29] Ghorbel, E., Wardeh, G., Gomart, H., & Matar, P. (2020). Formulation parameters effects on the performances of concrete equivalent mortars incorporating different ratios of recycled sand. Journal of Building Physics. 43;545-572. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259119896093
[30] Cremonez, C., da Fonseca, J. M. M., Cury, A. C. S., Ferreira, E. O., & Mazer, W. (2022). Analysis of the influence of the type of curing on the axial compressive strength of concrete. Materials Today Proceedings. 58;1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.430
[31] Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances. 3;e1700782. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782
[32] Naguib, H. M., Taha, E. O., Ahmed, M. A., & Kandil, U. F. (2022). Enhanced wooden polymer composites based on polyethylene and nano-modified wooden flour. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum. 31;39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2022.10.002
[33] Hou, G., Yan, Z., Sun, J., Naguib, H. M., Lu, B., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Microstructure and mechanical properties of CO2-cured steel slag brick in pilot-scale. Construction and Building Materials. 271;121581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121581
[34] Hou, G., Chen, J., Lu, B., Chen, S., Cui, E., & Naguib, H. M., et al. (2020). Composition design and pilot study of an advanced energy-saving and low-carbon rankinite clinker. Cement and Concrete Research. 127;105926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105926
[35] Abo-Shanab, Z. L., Ragab, A. A., & Naguib, H. M. (2021). Improved dynamic mechanical properties of sustainable bio-modified asphalt using agriculture waste. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 22;905-911. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1652301
[36] Deves, J., & Freire, A. C. (2022). Special issue "The use of recycled materials to promote pavement sustainability performance". Recycling. 7;12-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling7020012
[37] Ügdüler, S., Van Geem, K. M., Denolf, R., Roosen, M., Mys, N., & Ragaert, K., et al. (2020). Towards closed-loop recycling of multilayer and coloured PET plastic waste by alkaline hydrolysis. Green Chemistry. 22;5376-5394. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC00894J
[38] Mohamed, M. R., Naguib, H. M., El-Ghazawy, R. A., Shaker, N. O., Amer, A. A., & Soliman, A. M., et al. (2019). Surface activation of wood plastic composites (WPC) for enhanced adhesion with epoxy coating. Materials Performance and Characterization. 8;22-40. https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20180034
[39] Alsabri, A., & Al-Ghamdi, S. G. (2020). Carbon footprint and embodied energy of PVC, PE, and PP piping: Perspective on environmental performance. Energy Reports. 6;364-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.173
[40] Pawłosik, D., Cebrat, K., & Brzezicki, M. (2025). Exploring advancements in bio-based composites for thermal insulation: A systematic review. Sustainability. 17(3);1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031143
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
